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Anxiety disorders have been recognised and documented throughout history, although the understanding and conceptualisation of these disorders have evolved over time. Here is a brief overview of the history of anxiety disorder:
- Ancient and Medieval Periods: Anxiety symptoms were mentioned in ancient texts, such as the Egyptian Ebers Papyrus (1550 BCE) and the writings of Hippocrates (460-370 BCE). However, anxiety was often associated with physical ailments rather than recognised as a distinct psychological disorder.
- Early Modern Period: During the Renaissance and Enlightenment eras, physicians and philosophers began to explore the concept of anxiety as a psychological condition. The term “anxiety” itself was first coined by the German physician Heinroth in the early 19th century.
- Freud and Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud, the influential Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, played a significant role in shaping the understanding of anxiety disorders. Freud’s work, particularly his theories on neurosis and the unconscious mind, emphasised the psychological roots of anxiety. He identified specific anxiety disorders such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).
- Development of Diagnostic Criteria: In the 20th century, advancements in psychiatry led to the establishment of standardised diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published in 1952, and subsequent revisions further refined the classification and diagnosis of anxiety disorders.
- Evolution of Anxiety Disorders: Over time, the understanding of anxiety disorders expanded to encompass various subtypes. Some of the recognised anxiety disorders include generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), specific phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- Treatment Approaches: The treatment of anxiety disorders has also evolved throughout history. Early treatments involved psychoanalytic approaches, such as talk therapy. In the mid-20th century, the introduction of medications, particularly benzodiazepines, provided relief for anxiety symptoms. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) emerged as an effective form of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders, emphasising the role of thoughts and behaviours in perpetuating anxiety.
- Contemporary Understanding: In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the prevalence and impact of anxiety disorders. Research has explored the neurobiological underpinnings of anxiety and identified genetic, environmental, and psychological factors contributing to their development. Contemporary approaches to treatment often involve a combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle modifications.
It’s important to note that while anxiety disorders have a long history, the specific diagnostic categories and understanding of these disorders have evolved based on scientific advancements and changing perspectives on mental health.
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