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Introduction
Hans Asperger, a name often associated with the autism spectrum disorder, was a renowned Austrian paediatrician and child psychologist. His work laid the foundation for understanding a particular subset of individuals on the autism spectrum, often referred to as Asperger’s syndrome.
In this blog, I will explore Hans Asperger’s background, his contribution to the field of autism, his controversial association with the Nazi party, and discuss why I feel that the term “Asperger’s” should not be removed from future use in understanding and discussing autism.
Hans Asperger: A Brief Background
Hans Asperger was born on February 18, 1906, in Austria, and he grew up with a keen interest in studying child psychology and paediatric medicine. In 1931, he became a lecturer at the University of Vienna Children’s Clinic and began his pioneering work in the field of child psychiatry, conducting research on child psychology and autism.
His work included identifying a group of children who exhibited certain social and behavioral characteristics that he called “autistic psychopathy.”
The Diagnosis of Asperger’s Syndrome
Asperger’s most significant contribution to the world of psychology came in 1944 when he published a paper describing a group of children who exhibited unusual social behaviours and had difficulties with non-verbal communication but possessed remarkable talents and interests in specific areas. These children, he noted, often displayed repetitive behaviours and intense focus on their interests, which set them apart from other children with autism. This condition became known as “Asperger’s syndrome.”
Asperger’s research laid the groundwork for recognising autism as a spectrum, with varying levels of severity and symptomatology. His work highlighted the importance of understanding and accommodating the unique abilities and challenges of individuals with Asperger’s syndrome.
Controversial Association with the Nazi Party
One aspect of Hans Asperger’s life that has sparked significant debate and controversy is his association with the Nazi regime during World War II. It is important to note that Asperger’s involvement with the Nazi party appears indirect, primarily through his work at the University of Vienna Children’s Clinic, which was under Nazi control at the time.
Asperger’s critics argue that he may have collaborated with the regime in diagnosing children as “difficult” or “unfit” for the society, which could have led to their persecution or even euthanasia at Am Spiegelgrund (a notorious Nazi institution).
While there is evidence that Asperger may have made efforts to protect some of the children he studied, his actions during this period are a matter of historical debate and controversy.
It could be argued that his work was influenced by the eugenics movement of the time, while others contend that he showed compassion and resisted the Nazi euthanasia program. Also, some of Asperger’s writings and actions suggest that he was more inclined to protect and support the children under his care, advocating for their unique qualities and potential.
Asperger’s Terminology Removed From DSM-5
In light of this history, the term “Asperger’s syndrome” was removed from the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013. Instead, individuals who would have previously been diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome are now typically diagnosed with “autism spectrum disorder” (ASD) and categorised by the severity of their symptoms.
The decision to stop using the term “Asperger’s” was not solely based on Hans Asperger’s history but also reflected the desire to create a more unified and comprehensive diagnostic category for autism spectrum disorders. This change aimed to emphasise that there is a spectrum of symptoms and presentations within the autism community.
Why I Feel We Shouldn’t Remove the Term “Asperger’s” from Future Use
While it’s essential to acknowledge the historical context and concerns, there are several reasons why I think we should retain the term:
- Clinical Utility: The term “Asperger’s syndrome” continues to have clinical utility for both healthcare providers and individuals on the autism spectrum. It helps in recognising specific patterns of behaviour, strengths, and challenges that may differ from other autism subtypes.
- Identification and Understanding: Removing the term “Asperger’s” could potentially lead to confusion and misidentification. People with Asperger’s syndrome often have distinct characteristics that require tailored support and accommodations.
- Legacy of Hans Asperger: Despite the controversy surrounding his wartime activities, Hans Asperger’s contributions to our understanding of autism remain significant. His work has paved the way for more inclusive and nuanced discussions about the autism spectrum.
- Responsible Remembrance: Rather than erasing the term “Asperger’s,” we should remember Hans Asperger’s legacy responsibly, acknowledging both his contributions and shortcomings. This approach allows us to learn from history without losing valuable insights.
Conclusion
Ultimately, whether or not to use the term “Asperger’s” is a matter of personal preference and context. Some individuals and organisations still use the term colloquially to describe a specific subset of individuals with autism-like traits.
Hans Asperger’s life and work are complex, marked by both pioneering contributions to the field of autism and a controversial association with the Nazi party. While it is essential to critically examine his past, we should also recognise the lasting impact of his research and continue to use the term “Asperger’s” to understand and support individuals on the autism spectrum. By doing so, we can ensure a more inclusive and informed approach to autism spectrum disorders.
However, it’s important to be aware of the historical context and controversy surrounding the term and to use it sensitively, taking into consideration the perspectives and preferences of individuals with autism and the broader autism community.
And Finally…
If you have any comments on any part of this, advice / suggestions or questions that I may be able to assist you with, please feel free to contact me at pete@weareneurodiverse.com or add a comment below and I will get back to you as soon as I can 
Thank you & take care,
Pete
